Lora Communication System for Early Detection and Monitoring of Water Toxicity in Floating Net Cages

Abstract

Floating Net Cages/ Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) are at risk of polluting the air, which can affect fish farming. Therefore, an early monitoring system is needed that can measure air quality such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) in real-time. This system utilizes the LoRa RFM95W module to wirelessly transmit environmental data from sensors installed on the cages, which continuously monitor water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and DO in real-time. The data obtained is then processed to monitor changes in water toxicity in real-time, allowing early detection of potential threats to the ecosystem. Tests were conducted at distances of 50m, 180m, 300m, 340m, and 440m. The results showed that the system worked well up to a distance of 300m with RSSI values between -85 dBm to -120 dBm and SNR more than 2 dB. However, at distances of 340m and 440m, the signal decreased and the delay increased. At a depth of 340m, only one experiment was successful with RSSI -134 dBm and SNR -6 dB, while at a depth of 440m, only a few experiments were successful with RSSI between -122 dBm to -132 dBm and SNR between 1 dB to -6 dB. The prototype system successfully transmitted real-time air quality data to a web-based monitoring center. Data from the sensors were sent via the LoRa network to a central server for further monitoring.