Performance Evaluation of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and XGBoost for Predicting Toddlers’ Stunting Status Based on Anthropometric Data

Nurjoko Nurjoko, Admi Syarif, Favorisen R. Lumbanraja, Khairunisa Berawi
Pages 1614-1627
Abstract Views 467
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DOI https://doi.org/10.47738/jads.v7i2.1260

Abstract


Stunting remains a primary global health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to its long-term effects on physical growth, cognitive development, and overall well-being. Despite various public health initiatives, challenges in early detection persist, highlighting the need for accurate, data-driven predictive models to support targeted interventions. This study aims to develop and compare the performance of two machine learning algorithms—SVM and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—for classifying stunting status among children under five, in order to determine the most effective method for early prediction. A quantitative machine learning approach was applied to a dataset comprising 17,498 records derived from Posyandu data in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The analytical pipeline included data preprocessing, class rebalancing using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), and model evaluation through stratified 10-fold cross-validation. Performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score reaching 0.9979. In comparison, the SVM model produced slightly lower yet still strong results, achieving an accuracy of 0.9949, with similarly consistent performance across other evaluation metrics. These findings indicate that XGBoost more effectively handles high-dimensional, imbalanced data and captures nonlinear patterns in the dataset. XGBoost was identified as the optimal method for stunting classification in this study, outperforming SVM across all evaluation metrics. These results support the integration of boosting-based models into early detection systems for child nutritional assessment. Future studies should incorporate additional environmental and socioeconomic variables and evaluate model applicability in a real-time community health setting.

Keywords


Stunting; Anthropometry; SVM; XGBoost; Machine Learning; Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47738/jads.v7i2.1260

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