Teachable Machine: Optimization of Herbal Plant Image Classification Based on Epoch Value, Batch Size and Learning Rate

Abstract

Herbal plants are a source of natural materials used in alternative medicine and traditional therapies to maintain health. The purpose of this research is to develop an intelligent system application that is able to assist people in independently detecting herbal plants around them, provide education, and most importantly, find the optimal value based on certain parameters. This research uses several values for the parameters studied, namely the epoch value which varies between 10, 50, 100, 250, 750, and 1000; the batch size value which varies between 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512; and the learning rate value which varies between 0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1. A total of 10,000 training data samples (1,000 samples in 10 classes) were used in Teachable Machine. The method used is to utilize the TensorFlow framework in the Teachable Machine service to train image data. This framework provides Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithms that can perform image classification with a high degree of accuracy. The test results for more than three months showed that the highest optimal value was achieved at the 50th epoch value, with a learning rate of 0.00001, and a batch size of 32, which resulted in an accuracy rate between 98% and 100%. Based on these results, a mobile web-based intelligent system application service was developed using the TensorFlow framework in Teachable Machine. This application is expected to be widely implemented for the benefit of the community. However, the challenges and limitations in training this test data are the large number of data classes that will be very good so that machine learning can learn to recognize objects but will take hours to train, then the training image object data has a clean background from other objects so that when tested it is not detected and influenced as another object or can result in a decrease in the percentage value.